The meteoroid and space debris terrestrial environment reference master model as well as the debris risk assessment and mitigation analysis drama tool suite have become an essential part of those compliance assessments. Under the plan to neutralize the usa193 spacecraft, the event will not significantly increase collision risks to other spacecraft and orbital stages and will result in space debris with extremely short orbital lifetimes to be fully compliant with paragraph 5. Government orbital debris mitigation standard practices. In addition to conducting orbital debris research and supporting nasa mission compliance with the orbital debris requirements, the odpo also provides technical and policy level support to nasa hq and other u. National aeronautics and space administration orbital debris.
Part iii catalogs some of the many technical, legal, political, and economic consequences of orbital debris. The following are a few links we thought you may find helpful. Handbook, technical report on space debris july 2002, the space debris mitigation guidelines of the scientific and technical subcommittee of the united nations committee on the peaceful uses of outer space, aac. The commission amended parts 5, 25, and 97 of the commissions rules by adopting new rules concerning mitigation of orbital debris. Introduction in this paper, i analyze the problems posed by space debris from the perspective of law and economics and of property rights economics.
Nick johnson was the chief scientist for orbital debris at the nasa johnson space center. Consensus study reports published by the national academies of sciences, engineering, and medicine document the evidencebased consensus on the studys statement of task by an authoring committee of experts. Space debris modeling at nasa space debris user portal. The principal purpose of the model was to provide orbital debris researchers and space system designers with an easytouse tool to assess the nature of the orbital debris environment, including its component parts, in specific leo regimes. The april 2020 issue of orbital debris quarterly news is now available. He served as the agency authority in the field of orbital debris, including all aspects of environment definition, present and future, and the operational and design implications of the environment to both manned and robotic space vehicles operating in earth orbit. This issue includes the articles, three recent breakup events, the new nasa orbital debris engineering model 3. Nasa established the orbital debris program at johnson space center in 1979 to address issues and lead research on orbital debris. Government orbital debris mitigation standard practices open pdf 117 kb the united states government has formally stated in this document its objectives and practices of limiting the amount of space debris.
Task team on orbital debris, white paper study of the design of a collision avoidance network for orbital debris with sizes down to 5 cm. Technical report on space debris adobe pdf 579 kb this is a report published by the scientific and technical subcommittee st. Federal communications commission fcc 04 before the. This process seeks to minimize the generation of orbital debris during deployment, operations, and postmission disposal.
Study the space debris impact in the early stages of the. Nasa produces many products that can be used by spacecraft and mission designers to ensure that their missions are compliant with standards and best practices which protect the earth orbital environment from unacceptable growth of humanmade orbital debris. Google scholar nrc, 1997, protecting space station from meteoroids and orbital debris, national research council, isbn 0309523524, national academy press. Federal communications commission fcc 18159 before the. Committee on space debris, national research council 1995, orbital debris. This second report and order was released by the commission on june 21, 2004. Please update any bookmarks you have for the old site. Assessment and categorization of tle orbit errors for the us ssn catalogue tim flohrer aboa space research oy asro at space debris office, esaesoc, darmstadt, germany tim. Exploiting orbital data and observation campaigns to. This thesis examines the current technological and legal issues concerning orbital debris space debris. The report also takes a close look at the projected future growth in the debris population and. Government orbital debris mitigation standard practices february 2001, the interagency space debris coordination committee iadc space debris mitigation guidelines october 2002, the space and missile center orbital debris handbook, technical report on space debris july 2002, the space debris mitigation guidelines of.
International space university, florida institute of technology. Interagency orbital debris coordination meetings involving the esa, the russian space agency, nasa, and the space agencies of japan are held biannually. Nasas requirements for reduction of orbital debris. Committee on space debris national academy press u. The johnson space center conducts a full range of research activities to limit the growth of orbital debris.
April 2, 2020 fcc fact sheet mitigation of orbital debris. Orbital debris mitigation at nasa nasa was the first organization in the world to develop orbital debris mitigation policy and guidelines in the 1990s nasa management instruction nmi 1700. In total, spd3 identifies the need for more than 40 different stmrelated standards, guidelines, and best practices. This background paper derives primarily from a workshop on orbital debris held at ota on september 25, 1989. The thesis then explores the causes of orbital debris and examines the risk posed by debris to the most frequently used orbital areas. Assessment and categorization of tle orbit errors for the. Orbital debris examines the methods we can use to characterize orbital debris, estimates the magnitude of the debris population, and assesses the hazard that this population poses to spacecraft. As shown in chapter 4, orbital debris poses a potential hazard to spacecraft in earth orbit. Given these factors, it is likely that the indian government was attempting to limit the potential for longlasting orbital debris.
Technology requested an assessment of the future hazard from orbital debris,l and an examination of strategies for reducing that threat. Ares orbital debris program office reference documents. Assessment of debris released during normal operations o b j e c ts l a r g e r th a n 1 m m e x p e c te d to b e r e l e a s e d d u r i n g o r b i t. Though these meetings do not deal with the legal aspects of the orbital debris issue, the technical issues of space debris measuring, modeling, and reduction techniques are discussed in detail. In preparing this paper, ota also received assistance from other contributors. Damage to spacecraft by meteoroids and orbital debris. Government interagency community that developed the recent update to the u. Understanding the orbital debris environment including debris size ranges, compositions, and distribution by orbital altitude, eccentricity, and inclination is necessary to assess the debris hazard to spacecraft in various orbits, to understand the future evolution of the debris population, and to enable wise decisions to be made on methods to reduce the future hazard. Orbital debris mitigation and reentry risk management. To acquire an unbiased technical assessment of 1 the research needed to better understand the debris environment, 2 the necessity and means of protecting spacecraft against the debris environment, and 3 potential methods of reducing the future debris hazard, nasa asked the national research council to form an international committee to examine the orbital debris issue. In this paper, the link between the models and the observed space debris environment shall be highlighted, ad. Ares hypervelocity impact technology reference documents.
Significant environmental, legal, political, and economic. This revision of our orbital debris mitigation rules would address these recent developments and incorporate technical guidance from the broad u. Nrc, 1995, orbital debris, a technical assessment, national research council, isbn 0309051258, national academy press. Pdf study the space debris impact in the early stages of. The software reflects the structure of the standard and provides the user with tools to assess compliance with the requirements. Procedural requirements for limiting orbital debris and evaluating the meteoroid and orbital debris requirements, npr 8715. Office of safety and mission assurance view all pages in pdf table of contents preface change history. Space debris a law and economics analysis of the orbital commons alexander william salter 1. Debris assessment software orbital debris program office. Potential methods to protect spacecraft are explored. If you have trouble locating information, please contact us.
Part iv presents the technical and legal regimes that are currently being used to combat the problem of orbital debris. The unique physical characteristics of the space environment are identified and explained. Nasa procedural requirements for limiting orbital debris and evaluating the meteoroid and orbital debris environments responsible office. The office of safety and mission assurance code q website was decommissioned and replaced with sma.
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